Technology Category: Water Treatment Systems

Water Softening

Softening is the removal of multivalent cations (hardness) in the water.
Application of Water Softening in our solutions

Membrane processes with pore sizes in the nanofiltration range are being used for softening

Ion exchange can be used to remove hardness ions (multivalent cations), nitrates, or other inorganic constituents

Multimedia Filter (MMF)

Multi-media Filter (MMF) contains three layers of media consisting of anthracite, sand and garnet. These layers of media carry out the filtration and are chosen due to the differences in their size and density.
  • Anthracite is layered at the top due to having the lowest density and largest particle size;
  • Sand is layered in the middle, having intermediate density and particle size; and
  • Garnet is layered at the bottom, with the highest density and smallest particle size.
This way, the entire bed acts as a filter with each layer removing pollutants of different size ranges.
Advantages of MMF
  • Captures 90% or more of particle 20 microns or larger
  • No recurring costs such as filter bags or cartridges
How It Works
Application of MMFs in our solutions

Typically used as polishing filters after DAF and Clarifier systems

Water Disinfection

Disinfection is the process designed to kill most microorganisms in wastewater, including essentially all pathogenic (disease causing) bacteria.
Application of Water Disinfection in our solutions

Water completely free of suspended sediment, is treated with a powerful oxidizing agent, usually chlorine, chlorine and ammonia (chloramine), or ozone

The other commonly used method of disinfection is ultraviolet light (UV)

Activated Carbon Filtration (ACF)

Activated Carbon Filter (ACF) is a type of filtration technology that uses activated carbon to remove Total Organic Carbon (TOC), odor, color and Chlorine from the fluid by adsorption. The treated water is free from chloramines (chlorine and ammonia mixture) and organic compounds. Due to the highly porous nature of the carbon granules, the media provides a large surface area for capturing the contaminants.
Advantages of ACF
  • Easy to maintain
  • Easy to operate
  • Removes odor, bad taste, and chlorine
How It Works
Application of ACFs in our solutions

Commonly used in water treatment plants after multi-media filters or other conventional filtration processes

NanoFiltration (NF)

Nanofiltration (NF) is a type of membrane filtration technology that removes contaminants using a semi-permeable membrane. Nanofiltration is similar to Reverse Osmosis in terms of the contaminants removed, but unlike RO, it does not effectively filter monovalent ions like Chlorine. NF membranes can filter particles in the range of 0.001 to 0.01 micron. Nanofiltration is used for removing specific heavy metals, reducing salt content of brackish water and for water softening.
Advantages of NF
  • Viruses, organic elements, and valence ions are removed from the hard water
How It Works
Application of NFs in our solutions

Water desalination

Ultrafiltration (UF)

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a type of membrane filtration technology that uses a semi-permeable membrane to filter suspended solids and microorganisms from water. UF membranes can filter particles in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 micron.. Due to the smaller pore size compared to MF, a higher operating pressure is required to push the water through a UF membrane.
Advantages of UF
  • Removes all insoluble particles and any microorganisms
  • Limited manual intervention in operation
How It Works
Application of UFs in our solutions

Commonly used as a pretreatment to Reverse Osmosis (RO)

MicroFiltration (MF)

Microfiltration (MF) is a type of membrane filtration technology that passes contaminated liquid through a semipermeable membrane to filter suspended solids and microorganisms from water. MF membranes can filter particles in the range of 0.1 to 1 micron, which include particles such as sediment, algae, protozoa or large bacteria.
Advantages of MF
  • Due to its pore size being relatively large compared to other membranes, MF can be operated under low pressures and relatively low energy
How It Works
Application of MFs in our solutions

Commonly used as a pretreatment to Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a technology used to produce high-quality demineralized water. In reverse osmosis, pure water is produced by pushing the contaminated water through a semipermeable membrane using external pressure. RO membranes can filter particles in the range of 0.0001 to 0.001 microns. The membrane traps upto 99% of dissolved and suspended contaminants while allowing pure water to flow through it.
Advantages of RO
  • Well understood technology for desalting applications
  • Flexible operation
  • Compact systems
  • Economical to build as compared to conventional technologies
How It Works
Application of ROs in our solutions

Production of potable water, and ultrapure water

Treatment of industrial effluent

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